Objective To investigate the anatomy structure and adjacent vessels by investigating the anterior communicating artery complex and its perforating branches under an surgery microscope, in order to, to provide anatomical datas for surgeries of this area.Method:15 adault cadaveric heads (30 cerebral hemispheres) fixed with formalin were used, red latex was injected through internal carotid artery. Anterior communicating artery complexes were dissected, detected by surgery microscope. The results were analyzed with SPSS 17.0 statistical software.Result:The length of A1 segment was 12.81±3.11mm, the diameter of A1 segment was 2.22±0.71mm, and the diameter of the left side of Al segment was 2.34±0.60mm, the right was 2.09±0.81 mm. There was no statistically significant difference between two sides of A1 segment in diameter(P=0.862>0.05). The number of perforators originated from each A1 segment was 8.06±3.19, The length of perforator from was 4.53±1.12mm and the diameter 0.35±0.15 mm.The diameter of AComA averaged 1.38±0.86 mm, the length of AComA averaged 2.93±1.22 mm. The number of perforators from each AComA was 2.20±0.86, and the length was 9.31±1.51mm, the diameter was 0.43±0.24 mm. The diameter of A2 segment was 2.06±0.26mm. The number of Heubner recurrent artery(HRA)originated from each side of ACA was 1.60±0.67, The length of HRA was 19.10±6.42mm,and the diameter was 0.58±0.21mm.Conclusion:There were no statistically significant differences between two sides of Al segment in diameter. HRA, perforating branches of Al segment and AComA should be carefully recognized and protected during the operation of this area. The middle 1/3 of A1 segment which had less perforating branches was the best position for temporary occlusion during the operation on anterior communicating aneurysms. It was difficult to distinguish AComA in cerebral angiography because of some factors.